Intrinsic And Extrinsic Elements In Novel To Kill A Mockingbird 

A. Intrinsic elements 

Theme : Prejudice, justice, bravery. 

 Tom Robinson's trial and his observations of his father's experiences taught him that there is often a stark difference between what is right and what is legal. Atticus' courage by defending the Negro who is the trash of society, ridiculed by people, and considered as an insult because he has done something beyond from the path of society at that time.

Plot

• Exposition

The story begins in the summer when Dill comes to Maycomb stay with his aunt and neighbors to Jem and Scout. Then they became friends and feeling curious about Radley House. They were curious about the gloomy looking Radley House and even though it was occupants but feels like it has no occupants. Curiosity continues when they went to the house and touched it.

• Rising action

when Atticus fathered Jem and Scout accepted the case as a lawyer to defend Tom Robinson who was Negro accused of raping a white girl, Mayella Ewell. At that time Atticus explained to the Scout that he had taken the case to be the defense attorney for the nigger.

• Climax 

The climax of this story takes place in court when Atticus is fighting maintain that Tom is innocent of the charges made by him, but the jury found Tom guilty. The courage fought by Atticus was clearly visible as he desperately spoke in front of the entire audience in the courtroom. But with his calm demeanor he spoke for audience and witnesses.

• Falling action

when news spread that Tom Robinson had been shot when he tries to escape from prison, Jem struggles to come to terms with the unfairness of the trial and the fate of Tom Robinson.

• Resolution

the resolution occurs when Bob Ewell who felt humiliated by Atticus in court then made various threats against Atticus and his family. Bob Ewell attack Scout and Jem as they walk home from a Halloween party in school one night, but Boo Radley saved the kids.

       3. Characters

• Scout Finch.

Jean Louise "Scout" Finch is the main character. Scout is a tomboy who rejects traditional feminine roles and ornaments. Scouts initially believed that there was always a clear right and wrong in every situation; as he got older, he began to understand more about the world around him and began to value reading and education more.

•  Atticus Finch.

Scout's father was a lawyer. She values ​​education and pampers her children, trusting their judgment despite their young age. He was an intelligent, moral man who firmly believed in the rule of law and the need for blind justice.

•  Jem Finch.

Jeremy Atticus "Jem" Finch is Scout's older brother. He has a rich imagination and an energetic approach to life, but shows difficulty dealing with others who do not live up to his standards.

• Boo Radley.

A troubled hermit who lives next door to Finch. Boo Radley is the subject of many rumors. Boo naturally fascinates the Finch children, and shows them affection and kindness, ultimately saving them from harm.

• Tom Robinson.

Tom Robinson is a black man who supports his family by working as a field worker despite having a paralyzed left arm. He was accused of raping a white woman, and Atticus defended him.

4. Setting

• Place

Residence, school, court.

• Time 

Morning to night

5. Point of view

  To Kill a Mockingbird is written in the first person, with Jean “Scout” Finch acting as both the narrator and the protagonist of the novel. Because Scout is only six years old when the novel begins, and eight years old when it ends, she has an unusual perspective that plays an important role in the work’s meaning. In some ways, because she is so young, Scout is an unreliable narrator. 

  

 6.Message

The moral values ​​in this novel are related to the issue of human-human relations, for example one must treat each other fairly, equally, and with respect, and not be blinded by prejudice against others, for example from race or ethnicity, skin color, background or belief. different.

B. Extrinsic Element 

About the Author Harper Lee was born in 1926 in Monroeville, Alabama. He published To Kill a Mockingbird in 1960 to instant acclaim, winning the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. He then worked with his friend Truman Capote on what would become Capote's "nonfiction novel," In Cold Blood. Lee stepped back from public life after that, giving few interviews and making almost no public appearances — and publishing almost no new material. He died in 2016 at the age of 89.

Community background

Harper Lee explores the effects of prejudice of all kinds — racism, classicism, and sexism. Lee made it clear that racism is closely linked to economics, politics and self-image. Scouts believe that morality and justice are the same thing.

To Kill a Mockingbird takes place in Maycomb, Alabama during 1933–1935. These years place the events of the novel squarely within two important periods of American history: the Great Depression and the Jim Crow era. The Great Depression is reflected in the poverty that affects all of the residents of Maycomb.